PT0-002 CompTIA PenTest+ Certification Exam Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

A. IP addresses and subdomains. This is correct. IP addresses and subdomains are useful information for a penetration tester to identify the scope and range of the company’s web presence. IP addresses can reveal the location, network, and service provider of the company’s web servers, while subdomains can indicate the different functions and features of the company’s website. A penetration tester can use tools like whois, Netcraft, or DNS lookups to find IP addresses and subdomains associated with the company’s domain name.

D. Internet search engines. This is correct. Internet search engines are powerful tools for a penetration tester to perform passive information gathering around the company’s web presence. Search engines can provide a wealth of information, such as the company’s profile, history, news, social media accounts, reviews, products, services, customers, partners, competitors, and more. A penetration tester can use advanced search operators and keywords to narrow down the results and find relevant information. For example, using the site: operator can limit the results to a specific domain or subdomain, while using the intitle: operator can filter the results by the title of the web pages.

Encoding (commonly called “Output Encoding”) involves translating special characters into some different but equivalent form that is no longer dangerous in the target interpreter, for example translating the < character into the < string when writing to an HTML page.

Output encoding and input validation are two of the best methods to prevent against this type of attack, which is known as cross-site scripting (XSS). Output encoding is a technique that converts user-supplied input into a safe format that prevents malicious scripts from being executed by browsers or applications. Input validation is a technique that checks user-supplied input against a set of rules or filters that reject any invalid or malicious data. Web-application firewall is a device or software that monitors and blocks web traffic based on predefined rules or signatures, but it may not catch all XSS attacks. Parameterized queries are a technique that separates user input from SQL statements to prevent SQL injection attacks, but they do not prevent XSS attacks. Session tokens are values that are used to maintain state and identify users across web requests, but they do not prevent XSS attacks. Base64 encoding is a technique that converts binary data into ASCII characters for transmission or storage purposes, but it does not prevent XSS attacks.

Clarifying the statement of work is one of the most important items to develop fully prior to beginning the penetration testing activities, as it defines the scope, objectives, deliverables, and expectations of the engagement. The statement of work is a formal document that outlines the agreement between the penetration tester and the client and serves as a reference for both parties throughout the engagement. It should include details such as the type, duration, and frequency of testing, the target systems and networks, the authorized methods and tools, the reporting format and schedule, and any legal or ethical considerations.

The iam_enum_permissions module will enable the tester to determine the level of access of the existing user in the cloud environment of a company, as it will list all permissions associated with an IAM user3. IAM (Identity and Access Management) is a service that enables users to manage access and permissions for AWS resources. Pacu is a tool that can be used to perform penetration testing on AWS environments4.

Concatenation is the term used to describe the process of appending string values onto another string. In Python, concatenation can be done using the + operator, such as “Hello” + “World” = "HelloWorld"4.

OpenVAS is a full-featured vulnerability scanner.

OWASP ZAP = Burp Suite

Drozer (Android) = drozer allows you to search for security vulnerabilities in apps and devices by assuming the role of an app and interacting with the Dalvik VM, other apps' IPC endpoints and the underlying OS.

The first thing that a penetration tester should consider when engaging in a penetration test in a cloud environment is whether the cloud service provider allows the tester to test the environment, as this will determine whether the tester has permission or authorization to perform the test. Some cloud service providers have policies or terms of service that prohibit or restrict penetration testing on their platforms or require prior approval or notification before testing. The tester should review these policies and obtain written consent from the provider before conducting any testing activities.

All other answers are a form of encryption or randomizing the data.

https://0xbharath.github.io/art-of-packet-crafting-with-scapy/scapy/creating_packets/ index.html

https://scapy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#about-scapy

Scapy is a powerful and interactive packet manipulation tool that allows the security professional to easily and programmatically manipulate the TCP header length and checksum using arbitrary numbers and to observe how the proprietary service responds. Scapy can craft, send, receive, and analyze packets of various protocols, such as TCP, UDP, ICMP, or IP. Scapy can also modify any field of any layer of a packet, such as the TCP header length and checksum, which are used to indicate the size and integrity of the TCP segment. Scapy can also display the response packets from the target system, which can reveal how the proprietary service handles the invalid packet.

Alternate data streams (ADS) are a feature of the NTFS file system that allows storing additional data in a file without affecting its size, name, or functionality. ADS can be used to hide or embed data or executable code in a file, such as a specially crafted binary for later execution. ADS can be created or accessed using various tools or commands, such as the command prompt, PowerShell, or Sysinternals12. For example, the following command can create an ADS named secret.exe in a file named test.txt and run it using wmic.exe process call create function: type secret.exe > test.txt:secret.exe & wmic process call create "cmd.exe /c test.txt:secret.exe"