EMEA-Advanced-Support Fortinet EMEA Advanced Support Exam Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) sends username and password in clear text over the network, making it insecure. CHAP uses challenge-response with hash, MSCHAP is Microsoft variant with hash, EAP is extensible and can use various methods but not inherently clear text. Exact extract: It's "impossible" to authenticate wireless users based on EAP-PEAP sessions agains OpenLdap, except, if the users using clear text authetication methods (PAP). Clear text HTTP authentication is not secure. All user names and data (and, depending on the authentication style, passwords) are sent in clear text. If you ... Fortinet ... Password Authentication Protocol (PAP). Used to authenticate PPP connections. Transmits passwords and other user information in clear text. The default token page contains a "Token Code:" text field. Recommended customization. It's recommended to delete the "Token Code:" text. FortiWeb will use ... If you follow the configuration guide for NPS you'll see (step 9) you need to enable "Unencrypted authentication (PAP, SPAP)" (link below).

Out-of-order packets after FIN/ACK indicate a packet arriving in the TIME_WAIT state, where the session is closing. The TCP time-wait timer controls how long the firewall keeps the session in the TIME_WAIT state to handle late packets. Increasing this timer allows the firewall to accept such packets instead of dropping them. Close-wait timer relates to a different state, TCPMSS affects packet size, and "Enable TCP option" is not a standard parameter. Exact extract: "The TCP time-wait timer determines how long a session remains in the TIME_WAIT state to handle out-of-order or retransmitted packets after FIN/ACK... Adjusting this timer can prevent drops of late-arriving packets."

Typical Layer 2 switches support STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) to prevent loops in redundant networks and VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to segment traffic logically. OSPF is a Layer 3 routing protocol typically on routers, and SIP is for VoIP session initiation, not core switch functions. FortiSwitch supports STP variants like MSTP and VLAN tagging. Exact extract: MSTP supports multiple spanning tree instances, where each instance carries traffic for one or more VLANs (the mapping of VLANs to instances is configurable). These protocols include the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ( ... FortiSwitch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link-management protocol to enable a layer 2 loop-free topology. STP enables a network to have redundant paths for fault ... Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > FortiSwitch Ports. Click a port row. Click the Native VLAN column in one of the selected entries to change the native VLAN.

The ‘diagnose debug flow’ command in FortiGate is used to troubleshoot how packets are processed through firewall policies, showing details like policy matching, NAT, and session handling. It helps identify why packets are allowed or dropped. Option A refers to packet sniffing, B to routing diagnostics, and D to performance monitoring, none of which are the primary function. Exact extract: "The diagnose debug flow command displays the packet flow through FortiGate, including policy matching, NAT, and session details, useful for troubleshooting traffic issues."

IPS efficiency is improved by: A) Compiling signatures into a decision tree to reduce comparison overhead; B) Using IPS sensors/filters to selectively apply signatures to relevant traffic, reducing unnecessary processing; D) Using a regular database instead of an extended one to lower memory usage. Option C’s “Turbo” and round-robin load balancing is not a standard Fortinet IPS feature. Option E is incorrect as C is not valid. Exact extract: "IPS efficiency is improved by compiling signatures into decision trees to minimize CPU usage... IPS sensors and filters allow selective signature application to reduce processing... Using the regular signature database instead of extended reduces memory footprint."

IPsec operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) in the OSI model, providing secure communication via protocols like ESP and AH, which work with TCP or UDP. BGP and OSPF are Layer 3 (Network Layer) routing protocols, and ARP operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer). Fortinet’s FortiGate uses IPsec for VPNs at Layer 4. Exact extract: "IPsec operates at the Transport Layer (Layer 4) to secure communications, encapsulating TCP or UDP packets... BGP and OSPF function at the Network Layer, while ARP resolves IP to MAC addresses at the Data Link Layer."

A hybrid cloud combines on-premises infrastructure (local datacenter) with public cloud resources, allowing workloads to operate across both environments for flexibility and scalability. Fortinet solutions like FortiGate-VM support hybrid cloud deployments. Option A refers to hardware diversity, C to OS variety, and D to architecture types, none of which define hybrid cloud. Exact extract: "Hybrid cloud is the combination of public cloud services with an on-premises private cloud or datacenter... This allows customers to run some systems in the public cloud and others in their local datacenter, managed seamlessly."

In OSPF, the Area Border Router (ABR) generates Type-4 Summary LSAs to advertise the location of an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) to other areas. This LSA informs routers in different areas how to reach the ASBR for external routes. ASBR generates Type-5 LSAs for external routes, but ABR summarizes them with Type-4. Not all routers or stub routers do this. Exact extract: This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. Router3 is the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR). It routes all traffic to the ISP BGP router for internet access. It redistributes routes from BGP and ... Type 4 LSAs exist to let the area know the router-id of the ASBR, so the routers can look at the type 5 route, find advertising-router, and map ... An ASBR summary LSA is generated by an ABR and describes the location of an ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router) that connects to an external network. The FortiGate in the middle shall be a ABR between the two areas. But I don't want R2 in area 0.0.0.0 to have every /32 route for every VPN client. So I tried ...

An ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) request is broadcast to resolve an IP address to a MAC address. The source MAC is the sender’s MAC address, and the destination MAC is the broadcast address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) to reach all devices on the local network. Fortinet devices handle ARP for Layer 2 communication. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as switches don’t originate ARP requests, the target’s MAC is unknown, and ARP uses broadcast, not multicast. Exact extract: "In an ARP request, the source MAC address is that of the sending device, and the destination MAC address is the broadcast address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF), sent to all devices in the local network segment."

TCP is a unicast, connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery between two endpoints using sequence numbers and acknowledgments. Multicast, which sends data to multiple recipients, is supported by UDP, not TCP, due to TCP’s requirement for a direct connection. Fortinet devices handle multicast traffic via UDP-based protocols like IGMP or PIM. Exact extract: "TCP is a unicast protocol that establishes a reliable connection between two devices... Multicast traffic, such as streaming or group communications, relies on UDP, as TCP does not support multicast delivery."

FortiGate uses SSH (Secure Shell) by default for secure management access, providing encrypted command-line access. Telnet (A) and HTTP (C) are insecure, and SNMP (D) is for monitoring, not management. Exact extract: "FortiGate enables SSH by default for secure management access, providing encrypted CLI access to administrators."

The FortiGate Cluster Protocol (FGCP) is used to synchronize session tables, configuration, and state information between HA cluster members to ensure seamless failover. VRRP (B) is for router redundancy, OSPF (C) and BGP (D) are routing protocols, not used for HA synchronization. Exact extract: "FGCP synchronizes session tables, configurations, and state information between FortiGate HA cluster members to ensure continuity during failover."

Policy Routes in FortiGate allow routing decisions based on criteria like source, destination, or service, overriding the default routing table. SD-WAN Rules (A) are for WAN optimization, Static Routes (C) are fixed, and Dynamic Routes (D) are protocol-based, not policy-based. Exact extract: "Policy Routes allow FortiGate to make routing decisions based on user-defined criteria, such as source/destination IPs or services, overriding standard routing."

The standard term in OSPF for a router connecting the backbone area (Area 0) to a non-backbone area is "area border router" (ABR). It maintains separate LSDBs for each area and performs summarization. "Area boundary router" is similar but not the standard term; ASBR connects to external AS; backbone router is in Area 0. Exact extract: Go to Network > OSPF. · Set Router ID to 10.11.101.1. · In the Areas table, click Create New and set the following: Area ID. 0.0. · Click OK. · In the Networks ... A router connected to more than one area is an area border router (ABR). An autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) is located between an OSPF autonomous ... This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. OSPF areas are groupings of OSPF routers or logical parts of a network. An area's routing information can be sent as a summary to other areas. This article describes that routes learned from the other OSPF areas will be removed on the ABR router when it has multiple areas and has no backbone ...