RH033 RedHat Red Hat Linux Essentials Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Open source software is software that has been released under an Open Source Initiative (OSI) certified license. The definition includes 10 criteria, which are described as follows:

Open source software is software that has been released under an Open Source Initiative (OSI) certified license. The definition includes 10 criteria, which are described as follows:

1. Free Redistribution: The license allows any party selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution comprising programs from many different sources.

2. Source code: Anyone can modify the source code.

3. Derived Works: The license must allow changes and derived work under the same conditions as the license of the original software.

4. Integrity of the authors source code: To maintain the integrity of the original authors work, the license may require that changes to the code be provided in patch form.

5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups: The license must be nondiscriminatory with respect to persons or group of persons.

Therefore, open source license are forbidden from locking anyone out of the process.

6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor: The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the software in a specific field of endeavor.

7. Distribution of License: The license can be distributed to all but the rights attached to that program must apply to all to whom the program is distributed. And no party can execute any additional license.

8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product: It may not require that the software be part of particular distribution.

9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software: It may not restrict other non-open source software.

10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral: It may not require the use of technology to apply the license.

Answer options B and A are incorrect. These are the characteristics of closed source software.

The /etc/group file contains group information. This file shows which users are members of which groups.

creates a command prompt at bottom-left of screen. w will save the file and q will quit from the file. When :wq is used in combination and then the Enter key is pressed, this will save the file and exit it.

Answer option D is incorrect. : enters EX mode. EX mode will open a prompt on the last line of the terminal, and will accept certain keys for commands.

Answer option A is incorrect. :w only saves a file on the disk. To quit from the file after saving its contents, use q after :w.

Answer option C is incorrect. This key is used to quit from the file without saving its contents.

In order to accomplish the task, you will have to execute the following command: find /-perm -4000

This command will search the current directory and its sub-directories for all the files on which SUID has been set.

Answer options C and B are incorrect. The ls command is used to list all files in the current directory and its subdirectory.

Answer option A is incorrect. This will find all the files on which SGID is set.

The Evolution and Mozilla are the Graphical Mail clients in Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

In order to accomplish the task, you will use the at command. The at command is used to set a specific command or batch file to execute at a certain time.

Syntax:

at [option] schedule time

Several options are used with the at command. Following is a list of some important options:

The atd daemon monitors the queue of the at commands and executes them at a specified time.

Example:

The following command will create a list of jobs to be executed at 8:00 AM on 22nd August 2004.

at 08:00 22.08.2004

at> ls

at> pwd

+

The + key combination is used to end the list of commands.

The jobs can be removed from an at queue by using the atrm command.

Note: The at command cannot schedule recurring jobs.

Answer option C is incorrect. You will not run the crontab command, since it runs a program repeatedly. The crontab command is used to view and edit the crontab files, which are used to organize the cron facility. Each user has access to the

cron facility through a crontab file. Some of the frequently used crontab command options are as follows:

Answer option A is incorrect. In computing, rsync is a software application for Unix systems. It synchronizes files and directories from one location to another while minimizing data transfer using delta encoding. It can copy or display directory contents and copy files, optionally using compression and recursion.

In daemon mode, rsync listens to the default TCP port of 873, serving files in the native rsync protocol or via a remote shell such as RSH or

SSH. In the latter case, the rsync client executable must be installed on both the local and remote hosts.

Answer option D is incorrect. The sync command is used to flush filesystem buffers. It ensures that all disk writes have been completed before the processor is halted or rebooted. Generally, it is preferable to use reboot or halt to shut down a system, as they may perform additional actions such as resynchronizing the hardware clock and flushing internal caches before performing a final sync.

The following directories cannot be separated from the root filesystem:

/lib

/dev

/etc

/sbin

/bin

Answer option D is incorrect. /var can be separated from the root filesystem. Such filesystems are known as optional filesystems. Some of the optional filesystems are as follows:

/var

/usr

/opt

/home

The cmd1 2>&1 | cmd2 command pipes stdout and stderr from cmd1 to cmd2.

Answer option C is incorrect. The cmd1 | cmd2 command pipes stdout from cmd1 to cmd2.

Answer option B is incorrect. The cmd2 2>&1 | cmd1 command pipes the stdout and stderr from cmd2 to cmd1.

Answer option A is incorrect. The cmd2 | cmd1 command pipes stdout from cmd2 to cmd1.

The commands to put data from a buffer into the document are p and P. p puts the data below the current line and P puts the data above the current line.

What is the p command?

The p command is used to put (paste) data from a buffer into the document. If data is line oriented

(a line or a paragraph), the p command will open a new line below the current line and place the data on this line. If data is character oriented (a letter, word, or sentence), the p command will place the data after the cursor.

What is the P command?

The P command is used to put data from a buffer into a document. How this command works depends on the nature of the data in the buffer. If the data is line oriented, the P command will open a new a line above the current line and paste the data there. If the data is character oriented, the P command will put the data before the cursor. Answer option D is incorrect. The ps command displays the status of the current processes in Linux. Answer option A is incorrect. The :set command lists a small number of important configuration items in vim.

This command will run sort on the file marketing.txt and sort the file in the reverse alphabetical order.

Answer option B is incorrect. sort with no options is used to sort file alphabetically. It will not sort the file in the reverse alphabetical order.

Answer option C is incorrect. The -n option used with the sort command sorts the text numerically, instead of by characters.

Answer option A is incorrect. The -u option with sort removes duplicate lines from the output.

The nice command is used to change the priority of a process in the kernel's scheduler.

A niceness of -20 is the highest priority and 19 is the lowest priority. The default niceness for processes is inherited from its parent process, usually 0. For example, when specifying a very low priority, the following command can be entered: nice -n 19 cc -c *.c &

The above command runs the cc command in the background at a lower priority than the default priority set by the nice command.

The VI is a visual interactive text editor that allows a user to create, modify, and store files on a Linux computer. It works in the following modes:

Command: This is the default mode of the command. Various commands can be used in this mode to manipulate the opened text.

Input: In this mode, a user can insert text directly in the text screen area.

Answer option D is incorrect. The GNU zip (GZIP) utility is a compression utility that is used to compress files for saving space. It creates files with the .gz extension. It can also compress tar files. In order to unzip files with the .gz extension, the

GUNZIP command is used.

Answer option B is incorrect. The nmap utility, also commonly known as port scanner, is used to view the open ports on a Linux computer. It is used by administrators to determine which services are available for external users. This utility helps administrators in deciding whether to disable the services that are not being used in order to minimize any security risk.

Answer option C is incorrect. MS Word is a Windows-based utility. Hence, it cannot be used in Linux.

The mput command is used to upload multiple files simultaneously.

Answer option C is incorrect. The put command uploads one file each time you use the command. It is not used to upload multiple files at a time.

Answer option D is incorrect. The get command is used to download one file at a time.

Answer option B is incorrect. The mget command is used to download multiple files at a time. It is not used to upload multiple files.

aspell is a utility that can function as an ispell -a replacement, as an independent spell checker, as a test utility to test out Aspell features, and as a utility for managing dictionaries.

Syntax:

aspell [options]

Some important options used with aspell are as follows:

The following options may be used with the aspell command to control which dictionaries to use and how they behave:

Answer option A is incorrect. The tee command is used to split the output of a program so that it can be seen on the display and also be saved in a file. It can also be used to capture intermediate output before the data is altered by another command or program. The tee command reads standard input, then writes its content to standard output, and simultaneously copies it into the specified file(s) or variables.

The syntax of the tee command is as follows: tee [-a] [-i] [File] where, the -a option appends the output to the end of File instead of writing over it and the -i option is used to ignore interrupts.

Answer option B is incorrect. The concatenate (cat) command is used to display or print the contents of a file.

Syntax:

cat filename

For example, the following command will display the contents of the /var/log/dmesg file:

cat /var/log/dmesg

Note: The more command is used in conjunction with the cat command to prevent scrolling of the screen while displaying the contents of a file.

Answer option D is incorrect. There is no such utility as dict in Linux.

The scp command copies files between hosts on a network. It uses ssh for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security as ssh. Unlike rcp, scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed for authentication. Any file name may contain a host and user specification to indicate that the file is to be copied to/from that host. Copies between two remote hosts are permitted.

Answer option B is incorrect. The rcp command copies files between machines. The rcp command does not prompt for passwords; it uses Kerberos authentication when connecting to rhost.

Answer option C is incorrect. The cp command copies files and directories. It is generally used to make a backup copy of a file or to copy a file from one directory to another.

Answer option D is incorrect. The mv command moves files and directories from one directory to another or renames a file or directory.

According to the question's requirement, the following time specifications can be set for the cron

job:

30 17 * * 5

30 17 * * FRI

In this time specification, you can define five parameters. The first two parameters define minutes and hours of the day. The last or the fifth parameter shows the day of the week. It can be the name or the number of a day. Numbers 0 and 7 are for Sunday, whereas from Monday to

Saturday, the numbers are from 1 to 6.

The du command is used to summarize disk usage. The du command displays the number of blocks used for files. If the File parameter specified is actually a directory, the disk usage of all files within the directory are summarized. If no

File parameter is provided, the du command uses the files in the current directory.

Answer option C is incorrect. The df command reports information about space on file systems.

Answer option B is incorrect. The fsck command checks file system consistency and interactively repairs the file system.

Answer option D is incorrect. The dfsck command checks and repairs two file systems simultaneously on different drives.

The tail or tail -10 command can be used to see only the last ten lines of a file. The tail -n command is used to see the last n lines of a file. By default, the tail command shows the last 10 lines of a file.

Answer options A and C are incorrect. The head or head -10 command can be used to see only the first ten lines of a file. The head –n command is used to see the first n lines of a file. By default, the head command shows the first 10 lines of a file.

The ls -al /root command lists all the files and directories, including hidden files in the /root

directory, in long listing format. /root is the root

user's home directory.

What is the ls command?

The ls command is used to list files on a Linux computer. The syntax of the ls command is as follows:

ls [option] [directory name]

Several options are used with the ls command. Following is a list of some important options:

For example, the following command displays all the files (including hidden files) in the /home

directory and the contents in

the subdirectories:

ls -aR /home

Answer option B is incorrect. The ls command without arguments lists the file and directory names

in the current directory.

Answer option C is incorrect. The ls -s /root command shows the size of all files and directories (in blocks, not bytes) that reside in the /root directory.

Answer option D is incorrect. The ls -h /root command shows the size of files and directories in

"human readable format" (i.e. 19M, 3G, etc).

Answer option C is incorrect. The pdf2ps utility is used to convert a PDF file to a PostScript.