Web-Development-Applications WGU Web Development Applications (KVO1) Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

A fixed-width layout method specifies exact pixel values for widths. This approach does not adapt to different screen sizes, leading to images rendering too small or too large on various devices.

Fixed Width Layout:

Definition: Uses specific pixel values for the width of elements.

Example:

container {

width: 800px;

}

Issues:

Lack of Flexibility: Does not scale with the size of the viewport, causing images and other elements to appear incorrectly sized on different screen sizes.

Comparison:

Fluid/Liquid: Adapts to the screen size using percentages or other relative units.

Relative Width: Also adapts using units like em or %.

References:

MDN Web Docs - Fixed vs. Fluid Layout

W3C CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1

Using fixed-width layouts can result in poor user experience across different devices, highlighting the importance of responsive design principles.

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JavaScript is a scripting language primarily used for creating and controlling dynamic website content. Here are some characteristics:

Runs Inside a Web Browser: JavaScript code is executed in the web browser, making it possible to create interactive and dynamic web pages.

Cross-Browser Compatibility: JavaScript is designed to be compatible across different web browsers.

Interpreted Language: JavaScript is interpreted, meaning it does not need to be compiled before execution.

Accessible to Users: JavaScript code is not hidden from the user; it can be viewed in the browser’s developer tools.

References:

MDN Web Docs on JavaScript

W3C JavaScript Introduction

The provided JavaScript code sets a variable x to 6 and then assigns this value to the innerHTML of the HTML element with the id demo.

var x;

x = 6;

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;

Explanation:

Variable Declaration: var x; declares the variable x.

Variable Assignment: x = 6; assigns the value 6 to the variable x.

DOM Manipulation: document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x; finds the element with id demo and sets its innerHTML to the value of x, which is 6.

Outcome:

The content of the HTML element with the id demo will be changed to 6.

References:

MDN Web Docs on getElementById

W3C JavaScript DOM Manipulation

Inline validation during user input provides immediate feedback to the user about the correctness of their input. This real-time feedback helps users correct mistakes as they go, leading to higher rates of successful form completion.

Inline Validation: Inline validation refers to checking the validity of input data as it is entered, rather than waiting until the form is submitted. This helps users to receive immediate feedback and correct errors on the spot.

Benefits:

Immediate Feedback: Users can correct mistakes immediately, which helps reduce frustration and confusion.

Increased Success Rates: By providing real-time feedback, users are more likely to complete the form correctly, resulting in higher completion rates.

User Experience: Improves the overall user experience by making the process more interactive and user-friendly.

References:

Nielsen Norman Group on Inline Validation

MDN Web Docs on Constraint Validation

The given CSS code uses the #name selector, which is an ID selector. The ID selector is used to style an element with a specific id attribute.

ID Selector: In CSS, the ID selector is used to style the element with the specific id. The syntax for the ID selector is #id, where id is the id attribute value of the HTML element.

Usage Example:

#name {

text-align: left;

}

This CSS rule will apply the text-align: left; style to the element with id="name".

ID Selector Characteristics:

An ID must be unique within a document, meaning it can be used only once per page.

ID selectors are more specific than class selectors and element selectors.

Example in HTML:

References:

MDN Web Docs on CSS Selectors

W3C CSS Specification on Selectors

The pattern attribute in the element is used to specify a regular expression that the input's value must match for it to be considered valid. The given pattern -?\d{1,3}\.\d+ matches strings that represent decimal numbers with an optional negative sign, typically used for latitude and longitude values.

Pattern Explanation:

-? allows for an optional negative sign.

\d{1,3} matches one to three digits.

\. matches a literal dot.

\d+ matches one or more digits.

Usage Example:

This pattern ensures the input matches the format of latitude/longitude values.

References:

MDN Web Docs on pattern attribute

Regular Expressions Documentation

The type="range" attribute in an element renders a slider control.

HTML Input Type range:

Purpose: The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a range of numbers.

Example:

Given the HTML:

Explanation:

This will render as a slider that the user can move to select a value within a range.

References:

MDN Web Docs -

W3Schools - HTML Input Range

To make the corners of a div element rounded, the CSS property border-radius is used. This property allows you to define how rounded the corners should be by specifying a radius.

CSS border-radius Property:

Syntax:

div {

border-radius: 10px;

}

Description: The value can be in pixels (px), percentages (%), or other units. Higher values create more rounded corners.

Example:

Given HTML:

Given CSS:

div {

width: 100px;

height: 50px;

background-color: red;

border-radius: 10px;

}

References:

MDN Web Docs - border-radius

W3C CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3

Providing a link to the full site on a mobile web page is a common technique to ensure users can access all content if they find the mobile version limiting.

Advantages:

Access to Full Functionality: Users can switch to the desktop version if they need features not available on the mobile site.

User Control: It gives users the choice to view the site in a layout they are more comfortable with.

Other Options:

A. Access to multiple link layers: This does not directly address user needs for full site access.

B. Targeted site content: While important, it does not replace the need for a full site link.

D. Navigation links requiring scrolling: This can worsen the user experience on mobile devices.

References:

Google Developers - Mobile Site Design

A mobile website has the advantage of being automatically available to all users without the need for installation. Users can access it through their web browsers on any device with internet connectivity.

Accessibility: Mobile websites can be accessed by simply entering a URL in a web browser. There is no need to visit an app store and install an application.

Cross-Platform Compatibility: Mobile websites are designed to work across various devices and platforms, ensuring a broader reach.

Automatic Updates: Updates to mobile websites are immediately available to users without requiring them to download and install new versions.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Responsive Web Design

W3C Mobile Web Application Best Practices

To create a slider field that accepts a numeric value ranging from 1 through 10, the input element with type="range" should be used. The min and max attributes define the range of acceptable values.

HTML Input Type range:

Purpose: The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a specified range.

Attributes:

type="range": Specifies that the input field should be a slider.

min="1": Sets the minimum acceptable value.

max="10": Sets the maximum acceptable value.

Example:

Given the HTML:

Options Analysis:

Option A:

This creates a numeric input field, not a slider.

Option B:

This is the correct option that creates a slider field with the specified range.

Option C:

This creates a numeric input field, not a slider.

Option D:

This creates a slider but lacks the min attribute, so it doesn't fully meet the requirement.

References:

MDN Web Docs -

W3Schools - HTML Input Range

By using the correct attributes, the slider field will allow users to select a value between 1 and 10.

In JavaScript, curly braces {} are used to enclose multiple statements in a function, defining the block of code to be executed.

Curly Braces: Curly braces {} are used to group multiple statements into a single block. This is necessary for defining the body of a function, loops, conditional statements, and other control structures.

Usage Example:

function greet(name) {

let greeting = "Hello, " + name;

console.log(greeting);

}

In this example, the curly braces enclose the statements that form the body of the greet function.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Functions

ECMAScript Language Specification

To ensure that there is one pixel of space between the image and the surrounding elements, the margin property should be used.

CSS Margin Property: The margin property is used to create space around elements, outside of any defined borders.

Usage Example:

img {

margin: 1px;

}

In this example, the margin: 1px; rule sets a margin of 1 pixel around the image, creating the desired space.

References:

MDN Web Docs on Margin

W3C CSS Specification on Margin

The pattern attribute in the element is used to define a regular expression that the input value must match for it to be valid. The pattern \d{5} ensures that the data entered is either a five-digit zip code or an empty string (if the required attribute is not used).

Pattern Explanation:

\d{5}: Matches exactly five digits.

This ensures that only a five-digit number or an empty string (if not required) is valid.

Usage Example:

This ensures that the input matches a five-digit zip code.

References:

MDN Web Docs on pattern

Regular Expressions Documentation

The value of the pattern attribute in an input element is a regular expression. This regular expression is used to define what constitutes a valid value for the input.

Regular Expressions: Regular expressions (regex) are sequences of characters that define search patterns. They are commonly used for string matching and validation.

Usage Example:

Here, the pattern attribute value is a regular expression that validates a five-digit number.

References:

MDN Web Docs on pattern

Regular Expressions Documentation

Given the CSS selector a, ul, it targets all anchor () elements and all unordered list (

) elements independently. This means the CSS rule will be applied to each and
element in the HTML document.

CSS Selector Analysis:

a: This part of the selector targets all elements in the document.

,: The comma is a selector separator, meaning that each part of the selector list is applied independently.

ul: This part of the selector targets all

elements in the document.

Example:

Given HTML:

http://example.com/link0 ">Link 0

http://example.com/link1 ">Link 1

• Hello

http://example.com/link2 ">Link 2

https://example.com/link3 ">Link 3

Sample

Given CSS:

a, ul {

color: red;

}

Affected Elements: All and

elements will have the color set to red.

References:

MDN Web Docs - Comma combinator

W3C CSS Selectors Level 3

HTML5 introduced several new features that enhanced web development capabilities significantly. One of the notable features is the native drag-and-drop capability.

Native Drag-and-Drop Capability:

Description: HTML5 allows developers to create drag-and-drop interfaces natively using the draggable attribute and the DragEvent interface. This means elements can be dragged and dropped within a web page without requiring external JavaScript libraries.

Implementation:

Making an Element Draggable: To make an element draggable, you set the draggable attribute to true:

Handling Drag Events: You use event listeners for drag events such as dragstart, dragover, and drop:

document.getElementById("drag1").addEventListener("dragstart", function(event) {

event.dataTransfer.setData("text", event.target.id);

});

document.getElementById("dropzone").addEventListener("dragover", function(event) {

event.preventDefault();

});

document.getElementById("dropzone").addEventListener("drop", function(event) {

event.preventDefault();

var data = event.dataTransfer.getData("text");

event.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data));

});

Example: This example demonstrates a simple drag-and-drop operation:

html

Copy code

References:

W3C HTML5 Specification - Drag and Drop

MDN Web Docs - HTML Drag and Drop API

HTML5 Doctor - Drag and Drop

HTML5's native drag-and-drop feature streamlines the process of creating interactive web applications by eliminating the need for third-party libraries, thus making it a powerful addition to the HTML standard.

The onpopstate event is triggered in the window object when the active history entry changes, such as when the user navigates to a different page using the back or forward buttons in the browser.

History API and onpopstate:

Event: window.onpopstate

Description: This event is fired when the user navigates to a session history entry, i.e., when moving backwards or forwards in the browser history.

Example:

window.onpopstate = function(event) {

console.log("location: " + document.location + ", state: " + JSON.stringify(event.state));

};

Other Options:

A. Window, location: location is an object containing information about the current URL.

C. Window, name: name is a property to set or get the name of a window.

D. Window, open: open is a method to open a new browser window or tab.

References:

MDN Web Docs - window.onpopstate

W3Schools - JavaScript History API

The action attribute in the

Here, the form data is sent to the /submit-form URL when submitted.

References:

MDN Web Docs on

action attribute

W3C HTML Specification on Forms