AD0-E134 Adobe Experience Manager Developer Exam Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Using transient workflows is a key factor in optimizing the design for processing a high volume of content ingestion on the author server. Transient workflows do not persist their state to the repository, which significantly reduces the overhead on the JCR (Java Content Repository). This leads to improved performance and efficiency, especially under high-content ingestion scenarios.

Here’s why transient workflows are beneficial:

Reduced Repository Writes: Since transient workflows do not persist intermediate states, the number of writes to the repository is minimized. This reduces the I/O load and speeds up the processing.

Improved Performance: By avoiding the persistence of states, transient workflows execute faster, leading to quicker content processing and less latency.

Resource Efficiency: Transient workflows consume fewer resources compared to their non-transient counterparts, making them more efficient in handling large volumes of content.

Steps to create a transient workflow:

Define Workflow Model: Create a new workflow model or edit an existing one in AEM Workflow console.

Set Workflow to Transient: In the workflow model editor, set the workflow model to be transient by marking the relevant option in the workflow properties.

Implement Workflow Logic: Add the necessary steps and logic to the workflow model, keeping in mind that intermediate states will not be saved.

Deploy and Test: Deploy the workflow and test it under high-content ingestion scenarios to ensure optimal performance.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Workflows

Best Practices for AEM Workflows

The recommended path to override /libs standard functionality is /apps. The /apps folder contains application-specific code and configuration that can extend or override the default functionality provided by /libs. The /apps folder has precedence over the /libs folder, meaning that if there are two resources with the same path under both folders, the one under /apps will be used. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/developing/aem-project-content-package-structure.html?lang=en#repository-restrictions https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/foundation/development/set-up-a-local-aem-development-environment.html?lang=en#the-aem-repository

To create Sling Models that can export data in a human-readable yaml format, the following steps are required:

Create Sling models to export as yaml. Sling models are Java classes that can be used to represent resources in AEM. Sling models can use annotations to define how they can be adapted from a resource and how they can export data in different formats. To export data in yaml format, the Sling model class needs to use the @Model annotation with the resourceType parameter set to the resource type of the resource that the model represents. The Sling model class also needs to implement the org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Exporter annotation with the name parameter set to “jackson” and the extensions parameter set to “yaml”. The Sling model class also needs to use the @JsonProperty annotation on the fields or methods that need to be exported in yaml format.

Configure mime type in Apache Sling MIME Type Service. The Apache Sling MIME Type Service is an OSGi service that maps file extensions to MIME types and vice versa. To enable the yaml format for Sling models, the MIME Type Service needs to be configured with a new entry for the yaml extension and its corresponding MIME type, which is “application/x-yaml”. This can be done by creating an OSGi configuration for the org.apache.sling.commons.mime.internal.MimeTypeServiceImpl service and adding the entry “yaml=application/x-yaml” to the mime.types property. References: https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/models.html https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/mime-type-support-commons-mime.html

This syntax allows the developer to reference a secret variable that is stored in the Cloud Manager UI under Environment Details > Variables. The secret variable name must start with a lowercase letter and can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores.References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/deploying/configuring-osgi.html?lang=en#environment-specific-configuration

To create a custom log configuration in AEM, the developer should create an OSGi configuration file for the org.apache.sling.commons.log.LogManager.factory.writer component. This configuration file should be placed under the appropriate runmode-specific folder within the config directory.

Here is the detailed process:

Create Configuration File:

Create a new XML file named org.apache.sling.commons.log.LogManager.factory.writer-.xml in the config. folder.

The can be any unique identifier for your custom log configuration.

Specify Configuration:

Add the necessary configuration properties within this XML file. For example:

xmlns:jcr="http://www.jcp.org/jcr/1.0"

jcr:primaryType="sling:OsgiConfig"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.file="/var/log/custom.log"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.level="debug"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.pattern="\{0\}"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.names="[com.myproject.custom]" />

Deploy Configuration:

Save the configuration file and deploy it to the appropriate environment. The logging system in AEM will pick up this configuration and create a custom log file with the specified settings.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Logging

Apache Sling Logging

Creating a heap dump and a thread dump are two steps that should be taken after confirming the problem is related to a memory issue. A heap dump is a snapshot of the memory usage of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) at a given point in time. A heap dump can be used to identify memory leaks, memory consumption patterns, and objects that occupy large amounts of memory. A thread dump is a snapshot of the state of all threads that are part of the JVM process. A thread dump can be used to identify deadlocks, blocked threads, and CPU-intensive threads. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/memory-analysis.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/thread-dump-analysis.html?lang=en

The Apache Sling Logging Logger Configuration and Apache Sling Logging Writer Configuration are the OSGi configurations that the developer should use to create a Logger and Writer pair for the company’s application logging. The Logger Configuration defines the log level and the log file name for a given logger name or category. The Writer Configuration defines the file size, number of files, and file location for a given log file name. References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/configure-logging.html?lang=en#configuring-log-files

The @Component(service = ConfigurationFactory.class) @Designate(ocd = ConfigurationFactorylmpl.Config.class,factory=true) option is recommended for creating a multi-tenancy configuration and binding multiple configurations to it. This option uses the OSGi R6 annotations to define a component that provides a service of type ConfigurationFactory and designates a class that contains the configuration properties. The factory=true attribute indicates that multiple configurations can be created for this component. References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/osgi-configuration-settings.html?lang=en#creating-factory-configurations

Sling Content Distribution is a feature that allows synchronizing user data across publish servers in a publish farm. Sling Content Distribution uses agents to distribute content from one instance to another using a publish-publish topology. Sling Content Distribution can be configured to synchronize user data under /home/users and /home/groups paths, as well as their ACLs. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/administering/security/sync.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/sites/deploying/sling-content-distribution.html?lang=en

To design a workflow that collects data from the participant and then determines the reviewer/approver branch to proceed further, the developer should use theDynamic Participant Step. This workflow step allows for dynamic determination of participants based on the data collected or any other logic implemented in the workflow.

Here’s how to implement a Dynamic Participant Step in AEM:

Create the Workflow Model:

In AEM, navigate to Tools > Workflow > Models.

Create a new workflow model or edit an existing one.

Add Dynamic Participant Step:

Drag and drop the Dynamic Participant Step into your workflow model.

Configure the Dynamic Participant Step:

Click on the Dynamic Participant Step and configure it by specifying the participant chooser class. This class should implement the logic to determine the next participant.

@Component(service = ParticipantStepChooser.class, property = {

"service.description=Dynamic Participant Chooser"

})

public class CustomParticipantStepChooser implements ParticipantStepChooser {

@Override

public String getParticipant(WorkItem workItem, WorkflowSession workflowSession, MetaDataMap metaDataMap) {

// Custom logic to determine the participant based on workflow data

String reviewer = // logic to determine reviewer

return reviewer;

}

}

Implement Participant Chooser Logic:

The CustomParticipantStepChooser class should contain the logic to determine the next participant based on the workflow data. This can include reading workflow variables, making decisions based on conditions, or any other custom logic.

Deploy and Test:

Save the workflow model and test it by starting a new workflow instance. Ensure that the dynamic participant determination works as expected.

By using the Dynamic Participant Step, you can create flexible workflows that adapt to the data and context, ensuring that the appropriate participants are chosen dynamically.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Workflow

AEM Dynamic Participant Step

A content fragment is a reusable piece of content that can be authored and managed independently from a page. Content fragments are based on structured data models that define the elements and data types of the content. Content fragments can be delivered as JSON using various APIs, such as Assets HTTP API, Content Fragments REST API, or Content Fragments GraphQL API. Content fragments are suitable for creating multi-channel applications that use AEM as a headless CMS. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/foundation/headless/introduction-to-headless.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/assets/fragments/content-fragments.html?lang=en

The order of resolution for OSGi configurations at runtime in AEM is as follows:

Web Console Configuration:

Changes made through the OSGi Web Console take immediate effect and have the highest precedence. This is because these configurations are considered the most direct way to adjust OSGi settings at runtime.

References:OSGi Configuration in AEM

/apps Configuration:

Configurations in the /apps directory take precedence over those in the /libs directory. This allows custom configurations to override the default configurations provided by AEM.

References:AEM Project Structure

/libs Configuration:

Configurations in the /libs directory are the default configurations provided by AEM. They are overridden by any configurations in the /apps directory.

References:AEM Configuration

By understanding this order, developers can effectively manage and prioritize their OSGi configurations to ensure the desired behavior of their AEM instances.

To enable JSON export on any component after defining a Sling Model, you need to annotate the Sling Model interface with @Exporter annotation. This annotation is part of the Sling Model Exporter framework which allows Sling Models to be exported in JSON format.

Here is the detailed step-by-step explanation:

Define the Sling Model: Define your Sling Model with the necessary annotations and methods. For example:

@Model(adaptables = Resource.class)

public class MyModel {

@Inject

private String title;

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

}

Annotate with @Exporter: Annotate the Sling Model class with @Exporter to enable JSON export. The @Exporter annotation configures the model to be exported as JSON.

@Model(adaptables = Resource.class)

@Exporter(name = "jackson", extensions = "json")

public class MyModel {

@Inject

private String title;

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

}

Access the JSON Output: Once annotated, the JSON representation of the model can be accessed through the .model.json extension. For example, if your component is at /content/mysite/en, you can access the JSON output at:

http://localhost:4502/content/mysite/en.model.json

This approach leverages the Sling Model Exporter framework to seamlessly convert Sling Models to JSON format, making it easy to integrate with front-end frameworks and other systems that consume JSON data.

References:

Adobe Sling Model Exporter

AEM Core Components JSON Export

The WorkflowProcess interface is the interface to be used for automatic workflow steps implemented in Java. Classes implementing this interface define Java based processes that can be attached to a WorkflowNode and executed by the workflow engine. The method execute takes a WorkItem, a WorkflowSession and a MetaDataMap as parameters and performs thelogic of the custom process step. References: https://developer.adobe.com/experience-manager/reference-materials/6-5/javadoc/com/adobe/granite/workflow/exec/WorkflowProcess.html https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/forms/adaptive-forms/custom-process-step-aem-workflow.html?lang=en

Backward Compatibility with the previous AEM Version is out of scope for the Pattern Detector tool, while doing an AEM upgrade. The Pattern Detector tool is a tool that scans an existing AEM code base and identifies patterns that are incompatible with AEM as a Cloud Service or newer versions of AEM on-premise. The tool does not check for backward compatibility with older versions of AEM, as this is not a requirement for upgrading. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/moving/cloud-migration/pattern-detector.html?lang=en https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/moving/cloud-migration/pattern-detector/patterns-detected.html?lang=en

AEM SPA integration provides various design models for different levels of authoring capabilities and developer control. In the design model where AEM is used as a headless CMS without using the SPA Editor SDK framework, the developer has full control over the app and can use any SPA framework or library. However, this also means that the content author cannot edit the app using AEM’s content authoring experience, the SPA is not compatible with the template editor, and the developer cannot enable authoring in restricted areas of the app.References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-learn/spa-editor-overview/spa-overview.html?lang=en#design-models

A mock framework is a tool that allows creating mock objects that simulate the behavior of real objects in a controlled way. A mock framework can be used in a unit test to inject the EmployeeService dependency into the CalculationService and verify its interactions. This way, the unit test can focus on testing the logic of the CalculationService without relying on the actual implementation of the EmployeeService.References: https://sling.apache.org/documentation/development/sling-testing-tools.html https://wcm.io/testing/aem-mock/usage.html

The /cacheroot property under /cache in the dispatcher.any file identifies the directory where cached files are stored. It is a relative or absolute path to the cache root directory. The dispatcher creates a subdirectory for each virtual host under this directory and stores thecached files there. References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-dispatcher/using/configuring/dispatcher-configuration.html?lang=en#cache

When multiple configurations for the same PID are applicable, the configuration with the highest number of matching runmodes is applied. This is because the runmodes act as a filter to select the most specific configuration for a given environment. If there is a tie between two or more configurations with the same number of matching runmodes, the one that occurs first in the repository is applied.References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/configure-runmodes.html?lang=en#configuring-osgi-settings-per-runmode