GSNA GIAC Systems and Network Auditor Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Zorp is a proxy firewall suite developed by Balabit IT Security. Its core framework allows the administrator to fine-tune proxy decisions (with its built-in script language), and fully analyze embedded protocols (such as SSL with an embedded POP3 or HTTP protocol). The FTP, HTTP, FINGER, WHOIS, TELNET, and SSL protocols are fully supported with an application-level gateway. Zorp aims for compliance with the Common Criteria/Application Level Firewall Protection Profile for Medium Robustness. Zorp is released under GNU/GPL and commercial license too. The GPL version is completely usable and functional; however, it lacks some of the more advanced functions available in the commercially available version only. Some of the Zorp supported protocols are Finger, Ftp, Http, Pop3, NNTP, IMAP4, RDP, RPC, SIP, SSL, SSH, Telnet, Whois, LDAP, RADIUS, TFtp, SQLNet NET8, Rsh, etc. Answer: D is incorrect. The GPL version of Zorp is completely usable and functional; however, it lacks some of the more advanced functions available in the commercially available version only.

In Unix, the /var/log/secure file is used to track the systems for user logins. Answer: D is incorrect. In Unix, the /var/log/maillog file is the normal system maillog file. Answer: A is incorrect. In Unix, the /var/log/messages file is the main system message log file. Answer: C is incorrect. In Unix, the /var/spool/mail file is the file where mailboxes are usually stored.

The auditor of a Cisco router should be familiar with the variety of privilege modes. The current privilege mode can be quickly identified by looking at the current router prompt. The prime modes of a Cisco router are as follows: #Nonprivileged mode: router> #Priviledged mode: router# #Global configuration mode: router(config)# #Interface configuration mode: router(config-if)# #ACL configuration mode: router(config-ext-nacl)# #Boot loader mode: router(boot) #Remote connectivity config mode: router(config-line)#

In Unix, the hdparm command is used to get or set hard disk geometry parameters, cylinders, heads, and sectors. Answer: C is incorrect. In Unix, the mkfs command initializes a Unix filesystem. This is a front end that runs a separate program depending on the filesystem's type. Answer: A is incorrect. In Unix, the mke2fs command creates a Unix second extended filesystem. Answer: B is incorrect. In Unix, the mkswap command sets up a Unix swap area on a device or file.

In order to configure the IIS server to allow only Web communication over the Internet, Andrew will have to use IP packet filtering to permit only port 80 on the network adapter that uses the IP address 142.100.10.6 for connecting to the Internet. This is because Web communication uses the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that uses the TCP port 80. IP packet filtering restricts the IP traffic received by the network interface by controlling the TCP or UDP port for incoming data. Furthermore, Andrew wants to allow local users to access shared folders and all other resources. Therefore, Andrew will have to enable all the ports on the network adapter that uses the IP address 16.5.7.1 for the local network.

EAP-TLS can use only a public key certificate as the authentication technique. It is supported by all manufacturers of wireless LAN hardware and software. The requirement for a client-side certificate, however unpopular it may be, is what gives EAP-TLS its authentication strength and illustrates the classic convenience vs. security trade-off. Answer: D is incorrect. EAP-TLS provides the highest level of security. Answer: A is incorrect. EAP-TLS uses a public key certificate for server authentication.

A dual-homed host is one of the firewall architectures for implementing preventive security. It provides the first-line defense and protection technology for keeping untrusted bodies from compromising information security by violating trusted network space as shown in the image below: A dual-homed host (or bastion host) is a system fortified with two network interfaces (NICs) that sits between an un-trusted network (like the Internet) and trusted network (such as a corporate network) to provide secure access. Dual-homed, or bastion, is a general term for proxies, gateways, firewalls, or any server that provides secured applications or services directly to an untrusted network.

A dual-homed host also has some disadvantages, which are as follows:

1. It can provide services by proxying them.

2. User accounts may unexpectedly enable services a user may not consider secure.

3. It provides services when users log on to the dual-homed host directly.

Answer: B is incorrect. Dual-Homed Host Firewall Architecture can provide a very high level of control.

In Unix, the /etc/sudoers file contains a list of users with special privileges along with the commands that they can execute. Answer: A is incorrect. In Unix, the /proc/meminfo file shows information about the memory usage, both physical and swap. Answer: B is incorrect. In Unix, the /etc/sysconfig/amd file is the configuration file that is used to configure the auto mount daemon. Answer: C is incorrect. In Unix, the /proc/modules file shows the kernel modules that are currently loaded.

The encodeRedirectURL() method of the HttpServletResponse interface, returns a URL by including a session ID in it for use in the sendRedirect() method. If the encoding is not required, the URL is returned unchanged. If browser supports cookies, the encodeRedirectURL() method returns the input URL unchanged, since the session ID will be persisted as a cookie. This method is different from the encodeURL as this method redirects the request to a different URL in the same session. The syntax of the encodeRedirectURL() method is as follows: public String encodeRedirectURL(String urlstring) Here, urlstring is the URL to be encoded. Answer: C is incorrect. The encodeURL() method of the HttpServletResponse interface returns a URL by including the session ID in it. If the encoding is not required, the URL is returned unchanged. If cookies are supported by the browser, the encodeURL() method returns the input URL unchanged since the session ID will be persisted as a cookie. The syntax of the encodeURL() method is as follows: public String encodeURL(String urlstring) Here, urlstring is the URL to be encoded.

Axence nVision is an advanced solution for a comprehensive network management. It is used to monitor network infrastructure such as Windows, TCP/IP services, web and mail servers, URLs, and applications (MS Exchange, SQL, etc.). It is also used to monitor routers and switches such as network traffic, interface status, and connected computers. It collects the network inventory and audit license usage. It also gives alerts in case of a program installation or any configuration change on a remote node. With the agent, an administrator can easily monitor user activities and can access computers remotely. Answer: B is incorrect. CommandCenter NOC is a simple and effective tool that performs network monitoring with a powerful polling engine. It provides polling, Windows and UNIX/Linux server management, intrusion detection, vulnerability scanning, and traffic analysis in an integrated appliance. Answer: D is incorrect. Cymphonix Network Composer is a precise Web gateway appliance. It is used to monitor Internet traffic by user, application, and threat. It consists of controls to shape access to Internet resources by user, group, and/or time of day. It also supports anonymous proxy blocking, policy management, and real time monitoring. Answer: C is incorrect. Network Monitor (Netmon) is a protocol analyzer. It is used to analyze the network traffic. It is installed by default during the installation of the operating system. It can be installed by using Windows Components Wizard in the Add or Remove Programs tool in Control Panel. Network Monitor is used to perform the following tasks:

1. Capture frames directly from the network.

2. Display and filter captured frames immediately after capture or a later time.

3. Edit captured frames and transmit them on the network.

4. Capture frames from a remote computer.

The following methods can be helpful to eliminate social engineering threat: Password policies Vulnerability assessments Data classification Password policy should specify that how the password can be shared. Company should implement periodic penetration and vulnerability assessments. These assessments usually consist of using known hacker tools and common hacker techniques to breach a network security. Social engineering should also be used for an accurate assessment. Since social engineers use the knowledge of others to attain information, it is essential to have a data classification model in place that all employees know and follow. Data classification assigns level of sensitivity of company information. Each classification level specifies that who can view and edit data, and how it can be shared.

The new switch starts advertising itself as the root bridge. It acts as it is the only bridge on the network. It has a lower Bridge ID than the existing root, so it is elected as the root bridge after the BPDUs converge and when all switches know about the new switch that it is the better choice. Answer: B, C, D are incorrect. All these are not valid options, according to the given scenario.

MS-CHAPv2 provides mutual authentication between peers by piggybacking a peer challenge on the Response packet and an authenticator response on the Success packet. MS-CHAPv2 has various features such as: It is enabled by negotiating CHAP Algorithm 0x80 (0x81 for MS-CHAPv2) in LCP option 3, Authentication Protocol. It provides an authenticator-controlled password change mechanism. It provides an authenticator-controlled authentication retry mechanism. It defines failure codes returned in the Failure packet message field. With weak passwords, MS-CHAPv2 is subject to offline dictionary attacks; hence, it can be replaced with EAP-TLS as the authentication mechanism for PPTP.

Brutus can be used to perform brute force attacks, dictionary attacks, or hybrid attacks.

LEAP can use only password hash as the authentication technique. Not only LEAP, but EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and PEAP also support dynamic key encryption and mutual authentication. Answer: C is incorrect. LEAP provides only a moderate level of security. Answer: B is incorrect. LEAP uses password hash for server authentication.

System hardening is a term used for securing an operating system. It can be achieved by installing the latest service packs, removing unused protocols and services, and limiting the number of users with administrative privileges.

The following types of software are safety critical software: Software that is used to apply a critical decision-making process Software that is used to manage or monitor safety critical functions Software that intervenes when an unsafe condition is present or is about to happen Software that executes on the same target system as safety critical software Software that impacts the systems on which safety critical software runs Software that manages safety critical data including display of safety critical information Software that is used to validate and verify safety critical software Answer: D is incorrect. Software that is used to manage or monitor safety critical functions is known as safety critical software. Answer: C is incorrect. Software that intervenes when an unsafe condition is present or is about to happen is known as safety critical software.

ServerMask is a tool that is used to hide information about IIS Webservers. Since IIS Webservers are vulnerable to various attacks, such as, code red worm, iis unicode exploit, etc., to mitigate such attacks, ServerMask removes all unnecessary HTTP headers & response data, and file extensions like .asp or .aspx, which are clear indicators that a site is running on a Microsoft server. Besides this, ServerMask modifies the ASP session ID cookies values, default messages, pages and scripts of all kinds to misguide an attacker. Answer: A is incorrect. httprint is a fingerprinting tool that is based on Web server characteristics to accurately identify Web servers. It works even when Web server may have been obfuscated by changing the server banner strings, or by plug-ins such as mod_security or servermask. Answer: C is incorrect. Whisker is an HTTP/Web vulnerability scanner that is written in the PERL language. Whisker runs on both the Windows and UNIX environments. It provides functions for testing HTTP servers for many known security holes, particularly the presence of dangerous CGIs. Answer: D is incorrect. WinSSLMiM is an HTTPS Man in the Middle attacking tool. It includes FakeCert, a tool used to make fake certificates. It can be used to exploit the Certificate Chain vulnerability in Internet Explorer. The tool works under Windows 9x/2000.

WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is a wireless security standard. It provides better security than WEP (Wired Equivalent Protection). Windows Vista supports both WPA-PSK and WPA-EAP. Each of these is described as follows: WPA-PSK: PSK stands for Preshared key. This standard is meant for home environment. WPA-PSK requires a user to enter an 8- character to 63-character passphrase into a wireless client. The WPA converts the passphrase into a 256-bit key. WPA-EAP: EAP stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol. This standard relies on a back-end server that runs Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service for user authentication. Note: Windows Vista supports a user to use a smart card to connect to a WPA-EAP protected network. Shared-key WPA is vulnerable to password cracking attacks if a weak passphrase is used. To protect against a brute force attack, a truly random passphrase of 13 characters (selected from the set of 95 permitted characters) is probably sufficient.