MTCNA MikroTikCertified Network Associate Exam Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used in IPv4 to resolve IP addresses into MAC addresses. However, in IPv6, ARP is completely replaced by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), which is part of ICMPv6. Therefore, ARP is not used in IPv6 at all.

A. True → Incorrect. ARP is exclusive to IPv4.

B. False → Correct. IPv6 replaces ARP with ICMPv6-based mechanisms.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – IPv6 Overview:

“IPv6 does not use ARP. Instead, it uses the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), which provides similar functionality using ICMPv6 messages.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IPv6 Chapter:

“In IPv6, the legacy ARP protocol is replaced with Neighbor Solicitation and Advertisement messages as part of the Neighbor Discovery Protocol.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – IPv6 Concepts:

“ARP is not used in IPv6. Instead, Neighbor Discovery Protocol handles address resolution, router discovery, and prefix information.”

MikroTik’s NAT (Network Address Translation) is part of the connection tracking mechanism. NAT rules are applied only to the first packet of a connection. Subsequent packets belonging to the same connection are automatically handled by the connection tracking module using the same translation mappings established by that first packet.

Option Analysis:

A.✔True – NAT is evaluated only on the first packet of a new connection.

B.✘False – Subsequent packets are not re-evaluated against NAT rules.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – Firewall & NAT Section:

“NAT rules apply to the first packet in a connection. After that, RouterOS uses the tracked connection entry.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – NAT & Firewall Concepts:

“Once the initial packet matches a NAT rule, connection tracking applies it to the whole session.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – NAT Implementation:

“NAT is evaluated on the first packet. Other packets in the same connection follow the established NAT mapping.”

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In IPv6, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is not used. Instead, IPv6 uses the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), which is part of the ICMPv6 suite. NDP handles address resolution, router discovery, and reachability.

MTCNA Course Material – IPv6 Address Resolution:

“IPv6 replaces ARP with Neighbor Discovery Protocol. NDP uses ICMPv6 to perform tasks like address resolution and router discovery.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IPv6 Fundamentals:

“There is no ARP in IPv6. It uses NDP messages for neighbor solicitation and advertisement.”

Thus, ARP is not used in IPv6.

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 152 [Monitoring and Management – SNMP Protocol]

Which of the following protocols / ports are used for SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)?

A. TCP 162

B. UDP 162

C. UDP 161

D. TCP 25

E. TCP 123

F. TCP 161

Answer: B, C

SNMP uses the following ports:

UDP 161: Used for SNMP agent queries (GET, SET, etc.)

UDP 162: Used by SNMP managers to receive trap notifications

MTCNA Course Material – SNMP and Monitoring:

“SNMP uses UDP 161 for polling devices and UDP 162 for traps.”

MikroTik Wiki – SNMP:

“SNMP communication uses UDP ports 161 (queries) and 162 (traps). TCP is not used for SNMP by default.”

Option breakdown:

A: TCP 162 → incorrect (SNMP traps use UDP)

B:✔UDP 162

C:✔UDP 161

D: TCP 25 = SMTP

E: TCP 123 = NTP (incorrect protocol and transport)

F: TCP 161 = incorrect transport

Final Answer: B, CQUESTION NO: 153 [ARP – MikroTik Specific Behavior]

If arp=reply-only is configured on an interface, what will this interface do?

A. Accept all IP/MAC combinations listed in /ip arp as static entries

B. Accept all IP addresses listed in /ip arp as static entries

C. Add new MAC addresses in /ip arp list

D. Accept all MAC addresses listed in /ip arp as static entries

E. Add new IP addresses in /ip arp list

Answer: A

Setting arp=reply-only on an interface disables the normal dynamic ARP process. The router will only respond to ARP requests for IP/MAC pairs that are explicitly listed in /ip arp with type=static. No dynamic entries will be added.

MikroTik Wiki – ARP Modes:

“reply-only – the interface will only reply to ARP requests if there is a static entry. It will not add any new entries.”

MTCNA Course Material – ARP Configuration:

“When reply-only is set, the interface will not send ARP requests and will only respond to those IP/MAC combinations configured as static entries.”

Option breakdown:

A:✔Correct—replies only to statically configured IP/MAC pairs

B: Incorrect — ARP entries must have both IP and MAC

C/E: No new dynamic entries are added in reply-only mode

D: MAC addresses alone are not matched — ARP matches IP/MAC pairs

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 154 [RouterOS Tools – Configuration Export]

Mark all correct statements about /export (rsc file).

A. Exports logs from /log print

B. Exports full configuration of the router

C. Exports only part of the configuration (for example /ip firewall)

D. Exports scripts from /system script

E. Exported files could not be edited

Answer: B, C, D

The /export command in RouterOS allows exporting configuration as a script (.rsc file). It can:

Export the full configuration

Export a specific section (e.g., /ip firewall)

Include scripts under /system script if specified

It does not export logs and the exported .rsc file is plain text and can be edited.

MTCNA Course Material – Configuration Management:

“/export outputs configuration to a text file. You can export the full config or a specific menu, and it includes scripts if present.”

MikroTik Wiki – Export Command:

“You can use /export to generate editable .rsc files. Use /export file=name or /ip firewall export.”

Option breakdown:

A:❌Logs are not exported

B:✔Full config export is default

C:✔You can target specific sections (e.g., /ip dhcp-server)

D:✔Scripts are included if present

E:❌Exported files are editable text files

Final Answer: B, C, D

The “Max Limit” value in MikroTik Simple Queues defines the maximum allowed bandwidth. In this case:

Target Address: 192.168.1.10

Target Upload = 1M → The host can upload at a maximum of 1 Mbps

Target Download = unlimited → No restriction on download

This does not “guarantee” bandwidth — it enforces a ceiling. A guaranteed rate would require "Limit-at" to be set.

Evaluation:

A.❌This queue limits, it does not guarantee a minimum bandwidth.

B.❌Download is set to unlimited — no limitation.

C.✅Upload is limited to 1 Mbps — correct.

D.❌Download rate is unlimited — no guarantee or limit.

MTCNA Course Manual – Simple Queue Explanation:

“Max-limit sets the maximum throughput for upload/download. It’s a ceiling, not a guarantee.”

René Meneses Guide – Simple Queues Explained:

“In this case, upload is capped at 1M. No burst or download limit is applied.”

Terry Combs Notes – Queue Properties:

“Always distinguish between 'limit-at' (minimum guarantee) and 'max-limit' (maximum cap).”

IP addresses are categorized as either public or private. According to the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), the following are reserved for private use:

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (Class A Private)

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (Class B Private)

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (Class C Private)

Any IP outside of these ranges is considered public and routable on the global internet.

Evaluation of each option:

A. 172.168.254.2 → This is in the 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 range → Private

B. 172.28.73.21 → Also falls in the same private 172.16.0.0/12 range → Private

C. 11.63.72.21 → Outside all private ranges → Public✅

D. 10.110.50.37 → In the 10.0.0.0/8 range → Private

E. 192.168.0.1 → In the 192.168.0.0/16 private range → Private

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide:

“Private IP ranges include 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. These are non-routable over the public internet.”

Extract from Terry Combs Notes:

“Only IPs outside of the above ranges are considered public and routable. Watch out for 172.X.X.X — not all are public; only 172.0.0.0–172.15.255.255 and 172.32.0.0+ are public.”

MikroTik Wiki – IP Addressing Reference:

“Private addresses are not globally routable. They are used inside local networks and must be NATed for internet access.”

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RouterOS allows different types of interfaces, including VLANs and PPP-based interfaces (like PPTP), to be added to a bridge. This creates a Layer 2 network between them, enabling transparent communication.

A.✔TRUE – Supported and commonly used in tunneling + VLAN transport.

B.✘FALSE – Incorrect.

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Bridging Concepts:

“Bridging can include Ethernet, VLAN, wireless, and virtual interfaces such as PPTP and EOIP.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Bridge Interface:

“Any Layer 2-capable interface (including VLANs, PPP tunnels, and Ethernet) can be included in a bridge.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Bridging and VLANs:

“It is possible to bridge VLAN interfaces with VPN interfaces for advanced Layer 2 tunneling scenarios.”

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In MikroTik RouterOS (and in routing in general), the "distance" value determines the priority of a route. The route with the lowest distance will be preferred.

Here:

Route to 0.0.0.0/0 via 1.1.1.1 has distance = 10

Route to 0.0.0.0/0 via 2.2.2.2 has distance = 5 → lower, so preferred✅

Unless the lower-distance route is invalid or unreachable, it will always be selected.

MTCNA Course Manual – Static Routing:

“The lower the distance value, the higher the route’s priority. Routes are selected based on administrative distance first.”

René Meneses Study Guide – Route Distance:

“A route with distance 1 is preferred over a route with distance 2. It does not matter which was added first.”

Terry Combs Notes – Routing Behavior:

“RouterOS evaluates the distance (priority) before anything else. Smallest value wins.”

Answer: AQUESTION NO: 44 [Firewall]

What does the firewall action "Redirect" do? Select all true statements.

A. Redirects a packet to a specified port on the router

B. Redirects a packet to a specified IP

C. Redirects a packet to the router

D. Redirects a packet to a specified port on a host in the network

Answer: A, C

The redirect action in MikroTik’s NAT firewall rules is used to force traffic (usually from LAN clients) to a local service on the router — for example, redirecting all DNS queries to the router’s DNS server, or forcing web traffic to a proxy.

Details:

It changes the destination IP to the router's IP automatically (without needing to specify it)

It also allows port redirection (e.g., dst-port=80 → to 3128 for proxy)

Evaluation:

A.✅True — You can redirect to a specific port on the router

B.❌False — Redirect does not change destination IP to an arbitrary host; for that, use dst-nat

C.✅True — Redirect forces traffic to the router itself

D.❌False — dst-nat is used to forward packets to internal hosts, not redirect

MTCNA Course Manual – NAT Actions:

“Redirect action changes destination to the router itself. This is useful for forcing traffic through router services.”

René Meneses Guide – NAT Behavior:

“Redirect = router-local services like DNS or proxy. Use dst-nat for remote hosts.”

Terry Combs Notes – Firewall Actions:

“Use redirect when you want to intercept traffic and handle it locally on the router.”

Answer: A, CQUESTION NO: 45 [PPP / Tunnels]

Which port does PPTP use by default?

A. TCP 1721

B. UDP 1723

C. TCP 1723

D. UDP 1721

Answer: C

PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) uses:

TCP port 1723 for control and session initiation

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) protocol (protocol number 47) for tunneling

No UDP port is used by PPTP.

Evaluation:

A. TCP 1721 →❌Invalid port

B. UDP 1723 →❌Incorrect protocol (TCP is used, not UDP)

C.✅TCP 1723 → Correct

D.❌Invalid (wrong protocol and port)

MTCNA Tunneling Section – PPTP Overview:

“PPTP uses TCP port 1723 for control and GRE protocol for tunneling traffic.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – PPTP Characteristics:

“PPTP = TCP/1723 + GRE (not a port, but a protocol). Allow both on firewall.”

Terry Combs Notes – VPN Protocol Reference:

“PPTP: TCP 1723. GRE must be permitted for tunnel data.”

Answer: CQUESTION NO: 46 [Firewall]

Which firewall chain should you use to filter ICMP packets from the router itself?

A. input

B. postrouting

C. forward

D. output

Answer: D

MikroTik RouterOS uses firewall chains to process packets based on direction:

input: For packets destined to the router itself (from outside)

output: For packets originating from the router (e.g., router pings)

forward: For packets passing through the router between interfaces

postrouting: Used for NAT and marking, not filtering

Therefore:

To block/allow ICMP (ping) generated by the router (e.g., netwatch, DNS probes), use the output chain

To block incoming pings to the router, use input

To block pings between LAN and WAN, use forward

MTCNA Firewall Module – Chain Responsibilities:

“To control traffic originating from the router itself, use the output chain. For example, when the router itself sends ICMP requests.”

René Meneses Guide – Firewall Chains Explained:

“output is for locally generated traffic. input is for inbound traffic to the router.”

Terry Combs Notes – Chain Use Cases:

“Ping from router = output. Ping to router = input. Ping between networks = forward.”

In MikroTik queues (especially in simple queues), the "total" limit typically refers to the combined rate of upload and download traffic — i.e., the total bandwidth usage. This is useful when you want to control the full traffic flow for a client or subnet.

A.✘Incorrect – Not just download

B.✔Correct – Total = Download + Upload combined

C.✘Incorrect

D.✘Incorrect – Upload alone is not referred to as "total"

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Simple Queues:

“The total max-limit or total rate represents both upload and download combined.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Queue Types:

“Use total max-limit to limit overall bandwidth. Individual directions can also be configured.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Simple Queue Options:

“total-max-limit defines the sum of incoming and outgoing traffic rates.”

MikroTik RouterOS uses the /system scheduler to execute scripts or commands at defined times or intervals. It allows for automation of tasks such as backups, reboots, updates, and more.

Evaluation:

A. /system watchdog →❌Used for hardware monitoring and rebooting if the system freezes.

B. /system cron →❌Not available in MikroTik RouterOS (RouterOS doesn’t use cron syntax).

C. /system scheduler →✅Correct. Built-in RouterOS feature for scheduled command execution.

MTCNA Course Manual – System Scheduler Section:

“Use /system scheduler to run scripts or commands at regular intervals or specific times.”

René Meneses Guide – Automating Tasks:

“Scheduler is the only built-in time-based job handler in RouterOS.”

Terry Combs Notes – Script Automation:

“RouterOS uses scheduler, not cron. Schedule by time or interval.”

Answer: CQUESTION NO: 67 [Firewall / Tools]

Where can you monitor (see addresses and ports) real-time connections which are processed by the router?

A. Firewall Connection Tracking

B. Firewall Counters

C. Tool Torch

D. Queue Tree

Answer: A

Firewall Connection Tracking (also known as conntrack) is used to monitor real-time connections that pass through the router. It shows source and destination IPs, ports, protocols, connection states (established, new, related), and more.

Let’s evaluate the options:

A.✅Correct – Shows live connection table with IPs, ports, and statuses

B.❌Shows rule match counters only — no detailed connection info

C.❌Torch shows per-interface traffic; useful for bandwidth, but not a connection list

D.❌Queue Tree is used for traffic shaping, not for viewing connections

MTCNA Course Manual – Firewall Concepts:

“Connection tracking shows all active sessions through the router with IP and port details.”

René Meneses Guide – Firewall Tools:

“Use connection tracking to diagnose connection states and NAT behavior.”

Terry Combs Notes – Monitoring Tools:

“conntrack is your real-time connection monitor. Torch is per-interface, not per-flow.”

Answer: AQUESTION NO: 68 [Wireless]

How many wireless clients can connect, when wireless card is configured to mode=bridge?

A. 1

B. 100

C. 2007

D. 2

Answer: A

In MikroTik RouterOS, if a wireless card is configured to mode=bridge (also referred to as "station-bridge"), it can only be used to connect a single client device (MAC address) behind it. This is due to limitations in how 802.11 bridges MAC addresses.

So:

A.✅Correct – Only 1 MAC address can pass via wireless bridge mode (unless using WDS or 4-address mode)

B, C →❌Too many clients for bridge mode

D.❌Incorrect – Still only one client allowed per interface in bridge mode

MTCNA Wireless Module – Wireless Modes:

“Bridge mode allows one client only unless extended bridging protocols are used.”

René Meneses Guide – Wireless Bridging:

“mode=bridge = one MAC behind the station. Use WDS for multiple MACs.”

Terry Combs Notes – Wireless Modes:

“Station-bridge mode works like Ethernet, but only supports one MAC address unless using WDS.”

Answer: AQUESTION NO: 69 [Routing]

In the Route List, the identification DAb for a route stands for:

A. direct - active - bgp

B. direct - acknowledge - backup

C. dynamic - active - backup

D. dynamic - active - bgp

Answer: D

In MikroTik RouterOS, route flags provide quick insight into how the route was created and its status:

D = Dynamic → The route was added dynamically by a protocol (like BGP, OSPF, RIP)

A = Active → This route is currently being used

b = BGP → Indicates that the route was learned via the BGP routing protocol

Therefore, DAb means:

→ D = Dynamic

→ A = Active

→ b = BGP

MTCNA Routing Section – Route Flags Explanation:

“D = dynamically added, A = currently active, b = learned via BGP.”

René Meneses Guide – Understanding Route Lists:

“DAb → dynamic + active + BGP route. Route is learned and installed via BGP.”

Terry Combs Notes – Route Symbols:

“Check the route list: b = BGP, o = OSPF, r = RIP, s = static, c = connected.”

When a router forwards traffic between two interfaces (such as from LAN to WAN), it uses the forward chain. HTTP traffic initiated by users destined to external servers passes through this chain.

A.✘prerouting – Used mainly for routing decisions and NAT, not filtering.

B.✔forward – Used to filter transit traffic.

C.✘output – For traffic originating from the router itself.

D.✘input – For traffic destined to the router itself.

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Firewall Chains:

“Client-to-server traffic, like browsing the web, passes through the forward chain when routed through the router.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Firewall Structure:

“To block or allow traffic passing through the router (LAN to Internet), use the forward chain.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Firewall Filtering Overview:

“forward: filters all transit traffic routed through the router.”

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An IP packet contains two critical IP addresses in its header:

Source IP address – the IP of the sending host

Destination IP address – the IP of the receiving host

These addresses allow routers to forward the packet from source to destination over Layer 3 (Network Layer).

Other values in the IP header include TTL, protocol type, and checksum — but not additional IP addresses.

A. 4 →❌Incorrect. Only 2 IPs are included

B. 2 →✅Correct: Source and Destination

C. 3 →❌Some protocols like NAT may temporarily associate more addresses, but not in header

D. 1 →❌Incomplete

MTCNA Course Manual – IP Packet Structure:

“An IP packet always contains a source and destination IP address in the Layer 3 header. This allows routing to function across networks.”

René Meneses Guide – Packet Flow:

“IP headers are designed to carry the minimal information necessary for routing. That includes the source and destination IPs.”

Terry Combs Notes – Header Fields:

“Two IPs: one for sender, one for receiver. That’s all you’ll find in the IP header.”

Answer: BQUESTION NO: 21 [Routing]

When viewing the routes in Winbox, some routes will show "DAC" in the first column. These flags mean:

A. Dynamic, Active, Console

B. Dynamic, Active, Connected

C. Direct, Available, Connected

D. Dynamic, Available, Created

Answer: B

MikroTik’s RouterOS assigns flags to routing table entries to describe how they were created and their status.

D = Dynamic (added automatically by the system)

A = Active (currently used by RouterOS)

C = Connected (directly connected subnet or interface)

Thus, "DAC" means:

→ Dynamic, Active, Connected✅

Other flags that may appear include:

S = Static (manually added)

R = RIP

O = OSPF

B = BGP

MTCNA Course Manual – Routing Flags:

“DAC means that the route is dynamically added by the system, is currently active, and is directly connected to the device.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – Routing Table Interpretation:

“Flags help identify how the route was installed and its type. DAC is common for directly connected interfaces.”

Terry Combs Notes – Route Flags Table:

“DAC = Dynamic + Active + Connected. Usually appears after setting IP address on interface.”

Answer: BQUESTION NO: 22 [RouterBOARD Hardware]

In which situations Netinstall can not be used to install RouterOS on a RouterBOARD?

A. The router is connected only to a secondary Ethernet port

B. The router does not have an operating system

C. The router is connected only to a wireless network

D. The password of the router is not known

Answer: C

Netinstall is a MikroTik utility used to reinstall or upgrade RouterOS. It requires a direct Ethernet connection to the router’s first Ethernet port and works via PXE (boot over Ethernet). It cannot function over wireless.

Let's review the options:

A. The router is connected only to a secondary Ethernet port →❌Netinstall works if booted over that port

B. The router does not have an operating system →❌This is the purpose of Netinstall

C. The router is connected only to a wireless network →✅Correct: Netinstall requires a wired Ethernet connection

D. The password of the router is not known →❌Netinstall bypasses current OS; password irrelevant

MTCNA Course Manual – RouterBOARD Recovery and Netinstall:

“Netinstall must be done over a wired Ethernet connection. Wireless booting is not supported.”

René Meneses Guide – System Recovery:

“Netinstall needs Layer 2 communication via Ethernet. It cannot operate over Wi-Fi.”

Terry Combs Notes – Netinstall Limitations:

“Netinstall does not support Wi-Fi. Must connect via Ethernet to first interface, preferably.”

Answer: CQUESTION NO: 23 [DHCP]

DHCP server is configured on a router’s ether1 interface. IP address 192.168.0.100/24 is assigned to the interface. Possible IP pools, that can be used by this DHCP server, are:

A. 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.255

B. 192.169.0.1–192.169.0.254

C. 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.99, 192.168.0.101–192.168.0.254

D. 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.14

Answer: C

The router’s interface IP is 192.168.0.100/24 → which belongs to the subnet 192.168.0.0–192.168.0.255.

However, 192.168.0.100 is already assigned to the router. So, this IP must be excluded from the DHCP pool to avoid conflicts.

C offers two valid ranges excluding .100:→ 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.99→ 192.168.0.101–192.168.0.254

Let’s evaluate other options:

A. 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.255 →❌Includes broadcast (.255) and router IP (.100) → Invalid

B. 192.169.0.1–192.169.0.254 →❌Completely wrong subnet

D. 192.168.0.1–192.168.0.14 →✅Valid but unnecessarily small

MTCNA DHCP Chapter – Address Pools:

“Make sure the pool does not include the router’s IP or the network’s broadcast address. Common errors involve overlapping pools.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – DHCP Configuration:

“Exclude the router’s own IP from the range. Use address pools below and above the assigned IP.”

Terry Combs Notes – DHCP Pool Tips:

“Split the pool to avoid assigning the interface IP to clients. Also avoid .0 and .255.”

In the PPP > Active Connections window in RouterOS, the letter "R" in the "Flags" column indicates the session is Running. This means the session is active and fully negotiated.

A.✘Radius – Not what "R" stands for in this context

B.✔Running – The connection is established and currently operating

C.✘Remote – Not relevant in this context

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – PPP Interface Flags:

“R indicates a Running state. The session is successfully established and data can be transmitted.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – PPP Flags Reference:

“R = Running. The session is active.”