OMSB_OEN OMSB Omani Examination for Nurses Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Implementation Phase in Vaccination Campaign:

During the implementation phase, the focus is on executing the vaccination plan, ensuring coverage, and monitoring progress.

Role of the Nurse:

Identifying Population at-risk:Typically part of the planning phase.

Setting Outreach Strategies:Also part of planning to ensure all populations are covered.

Reporting Vaccination Rates:This is part of the evaluation phase.

Monitoring Vaccination Rate and Surveillance:Involves actively overseeing the ongoing vaccination activities, ensuring proper documentation, and surveillance for adverse events or outbreaks, making it the correct answer.

References:

World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on Immunization

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Vaccine Implementation

Treatment and Contagious Period:

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is highly contagious, and patients need to follow specific guidelines to prevent spreading the infection.

Health Instructions:

Full course of therapy:Ensures complete eradication of the bacteria and reduces the risk of complications.

Replace toothbrush:Prevents reinfection from bacteria that may remain on the old toothbrush.

Avoid sharing food:Prevents transmission of the infection to others.

Returning to work:Patients should wait until they are no longer contagious, usually 24 hours after starting antibiotic therapy and being fever-free, before returning to work.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines on Strep Throat

Mayo Clinic guidelines on Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A history of chlamydial infection is a significant risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes, increasing the likelihood of a fertilized egg implanting outside the uterus. Oral contraceptive usage generally reduces the risk of ectopic pregnancy. The frequency of sexual activity and history of urinary tract infections are not directly related to the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Identifying and understanding these risk factors is essential for appropriate management and prevention strategies.

The staff nurse is facing an ethical dilemma in this situation. An ethical dilemma occurs when a nurse encounters a situation with conflicting moral principles and there is no clear right or wrong answer. Here, the nurse feels powerless due to the patient's suffering and the family's refusal to agree to a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. This creates a conflict between the nurse's desire to alleviate suffering and respect for the family's wishes and autonomy. Moral outrage, moral conflict, and ethical indifference do not fully capture the complexity of the situation as ethical dilemmas do.

Chronic Conditions and ADLs:

Older adults are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions such as arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. These conditions can lead to some limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), which include tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, and walking.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, and they significantly impact the quality of life of older adults.

Living Arrangements:

While many older adults do live independently or in home care settings, a significant number also live with chronic conditions that impact their ADLs, hence answer B is less accurate compared to A.

As per the Administration for Community Living (ACL), the majority of older adults do live independently; however, chronic conditions still play a significant role in their daily lives.

Labor Force Participation:

There is an increase in the percentage of older adults in the labor force, but this is not a primary characteristic affecting most older adults today.

Marital Status and Mortality:

Studies have shown that married individuals often have a lower mortality rate compared to unmarried individuals, making option D incorrect.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Administration for Community Living (ACL)

Leg Ulcers Management:

Leg ulcers, especially chronic ones, require specific treatments to promote healing and prevent infection.

Medical Management Options:

Anticoagulant therapy:Typically used for conditions like deep vein thrombosis, not directly for leg ulcers.

Decompression therapy and Positive pressure therapy:Not standard treatments for leg ulcers.

Hyperbaric Oxygenation:This treatment involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. It increases oxygen delivery to tissues, promotes healing, reduces inflammation, and fights infection, making it an effective treatment for chronic leg ulcers.

References:

Wound Healing Society guidelines on leg ulcer treatment

National Institutes of Health (NIH) on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

For a patient with acute gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), it is important to avoid foods that can trigger gallbladder pain. Boiled rice is a bland, low-fat food that is less likely to cause gallbladder irritation. Fried chicken, rich dressings, and scrambled eggs (especially if cooked with butter or oil) are high in fat and can stimulate gallbladder contractions, leading to pain and worsening inflammation. Therefore, boiled rice is the most suitable option to help reduce the incidence of acute episodes of gallbladder pain.

Soft Bulge in Vagina:

This symptom could indicate a pelvic organ prolapse, such as a uterine or bladder prolapse, which requires medical evaluation and treatment.

Immediate Action:

Referral to Doctor:Immediate referral is necessary for proper diagnosis and to plan appropriate treatment.

Diet and Reassurance:These are important but secondary actions after the initial medical assessment.

Kegel Exercises:While beneficial for pelvic floor strengthening, they are not the immediate action in response to a significant prolapse.

References:

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

Mayo Clinic Guidelines on Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest level of evidence in research because they reduce bias and provide the most reliable results. When conducting a systematic review to identify best practice evidence for hemodialysis in patients with anemia, RCTs should be prioritized. These studies provide strong evidence on the efficacy of interventions. Case-control studies, non-experimentalstudies, and quasi-experimental studies provide valuable information but are considered lower levels of evidence compared to RCTs.

When an incident such as a patient fall occurs, specific protocols must be followed to ensure proper documentation and quality improvement processes.

Writing the Incident Report Immediately: The nurse should document the incident as soon as possible to ensure accurate details are captured.

Investigating the Root Cause of the Incident: This is essential to prevent future occurrences and improve patient safety. It involves a thorough analysis of the factors that led to the incident.

Writing the Incident Report by the Assigned Nurse: The nurse who witnessed or discovered the incident is typically responsible for documenting it, ensuring first-hand accuracy.

Documenting the Incident Report in Patient's Record: This is incorrect. Incident reports are meant for internal use to track and analyze incidents and should not be included in the patient’s medical record. Including it in the patient's record can potentially compromise confidentiality and affect the patient’s care.

References:

The Joint Commission: Sentinel Event Policy and Procedures

National Patient Safety Foundation: Guidelines for Incident Reporting

Cardiotocogram (CTG) Interpretation:

CTG is used to monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.

Definitions:

Duration:The time from the beginning of one contraction to the end of the same contraction.

Frequency:The interval between the start of one contraction to the start of the next.

Intensity:The strength of the contraction.

Range:Not a standard term used in CTG interpretation.

References:

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines on CTG interpretation

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

To calculate the flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min), use the formula:

Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Total volume (ml) × Drop factor (gtt/ml)) / Time (minutes)

Given:

Total volume = 500 ml

Drop factor = 15 gtt/ml

Time = 4 hours (240 minutes)

Flow rate (gtt/min) = (500 ml × 15 gtt/ml) / 240 minutes = 7500 gtt / 240 minutes = 31.25 gtt/min

Rounded to the nearest whole number, the flow rate is 32 drops/minute.

An echocardiogram is a diagnostic test used to detect hypokinetic (reduced movement) and akinetic (no movement) wall motion of the heart and to assess the ejection fraction, which measures the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts. This test uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart, angiography visualizes blood vessels, and a stress test evaluates the heart's response to physical exertion.

Aspermia Definition:

Aspermia is a medical term used to describe the complete absence of semen, which includes the absence of sperms.

This condition can result from various factors such as hormonal imbalances, obstruction of the reproductive tract, or surgeries like vasectomy.

Differentiation from Other Terms:

Prematurity of Sperms:Refers to sperm cells that are not fully mature.

Abnormalities of Sperms:Indicates that the sperm present have structural or functional defects.

Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia):Describes a condition where the sperm count is lower than the normal threshold (20 million/milliliter).

References:

Mayo Clinic

American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can have several adverse effects. One significant risk associated with HRT, especially if estrogen is given without progesterone to women with an intact uterus, is the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, and without the balancing effect of progesterone, this can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and potentially cancer. Other risks include breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke, but endometrial cancer is a specific concern with unopposed estrogen therapy.

In the termination phase of a home visit, the appropriate nursing action is to review important teaching topics discussed during the visit. This ensures that the family understands the care instructions and can ask any final questions. Validating the health history and documenting the care provided are important but are typically part of the initial or ongoing phases of the visit. Determining readiness for future visits is also important but is secondary to ensuring the family understands the teaching provided.

A missed abortion refers to a situation where the fetus dies in the uterus but is not expelled. This condition is also known as a silent miscarriage. The woman may not experience the typical symptoms of miscarriage, such as bleeding or cramping, and the diagnosis is often made during a routine ultrasound when no fetal heartbeat is detected. Complete abortion involves the complete expulsion of fetal tissue, inevitable abortion is when the miscarriage cannot be stopped, and threatened abortion refers to any bleeding in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy without cervical dilation.

Weight Doubling by 5-6 Months:

Typically, a newborn's birth weight doubles by the time they are 5-6 months old.

For this child, that would be: 3.2 kg×2=6.4 kg3.2 \, \text{kg} \times 2 = 6.4 \, \text{kg}3.2kg×2=6.4kg.

Weight Tripling by 1 Year:

By the age of 12 months, a child’s birth weight is expected to triple.

So, for a child with a birth weight of 3.2 kg, the expected weight at 12 months is: 3.2 kg×3=9.6 kg3.2 \, \text{kg} \times 3 = 9.6 \, \text{kg}3.2kg×3=9.6kg.

References:

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards

In a chest physical assessment of a client with asthma, the nurse expects to hear wheezes.

Wheezes: These are high-pitched, musical sounds heard during expiration (and sometimes inspiration) caused by narrowing or obstruction of the airways.

Stridor: This is a high-pitched sound usually heard on inspiration, typically associated with upper airway obstruction, not asthma.

Crackles: These are popping sounds heard during inspiration, often associated with conditions like pneumonia or heart failure, not typical for asthma.

Diminished Lung Sounds: This can occur in severe asthma but is less common compared to wheezes.

References:

American Thoracic Society: Asthma Diagnosis and Monitoring

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): Asthma Symptoms and Diagnosis