Fortinet FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Practice Test Questions Answers

The diagnose vpn tunnel list name Hub2Spoke1 command output provides key information about the offloading status of an IPsec VPN tunnel to the Network Processing Unit (NPU).

● npu_flag=20:

● This flag indicates that both inbound and outbound IPsec Security Associations (SAs) have been offloaded to the NPU, meaning the VPN traffic is processed in hardware instead of the CPU.

● npu_rgwy=10.10.2.2 and npu_lgwy=10.10.1.1:

● These IPs represent the remote gateway (rgwy) and local gateway (lgwy), confirming that the tunnel is successfully offloaded.

● npu_selid=1:

● This value means the session selector for the NPU offloaded SA is active.

Since both inbound and outbound SAs are offloaded, the administrator can conclude that the FortiGate NPU is handling IPsec encryption and decryption efficiently, reducing CPU load and improving VPN performance.

When FortiGate is operating inproxy modewithfull SSL inspection enabled, it inspects encrypted HTTPS traffic by default onport 443. However, some websites may usenon-standard HTTPS ports(such as 8443), which FortiGate does not inspect unless explicitly configured.

To ensure that FortiGate inspects HTTPS traffic onport 8443, administrators mustmanually add port 8443in theProtocol Port Mappingsection of theSSL/SSH Inspection Profile. This allows FortiGate to treat HTTPS traffic on port 8443 the same as traffic on port 443, enabling proper inspection and enforcement ofFortiGuard category-based web filtering.

In this scenario, thecorporate networkand thenew remote office networkneed to communicate over theInternet, which requires asecure and dynamic routing method. Since both networks are usingOSPF (Open Shortest Path First)as the routing protocol, the best approach is to establish anOSPF over IPsec VPNto ensure secure and dynamic route propagation.

OSPF is already running on the corporate network, and extending it over an IPsec tunnel allows dynamic route exchange between the corporate FortiGate and the remote office FortiGate.IPsec provides encryptionfor traffic over the Internet, ensuring secure communication.OSPF over IPsec eliminates the need for manual static routes, allowing automatic route updates if networks change.

The new remote office's192.168.1.0/24 subnetwill be advertised dynamically to the corporate network without additional configuration.

When FortiGate processes the first packets of a session, it follows a sequence of steps to determine how the traffic should be handled before establishing a session. The initial step involves:

● Access Control List (ACL) checks: Determines if the traffic should be allowed or blocked based on predefined security rules.

● Hardware Packet Engine (HPE) inspections: Ensures that packet headers are valid and comply with protocol standards.

● IP Integrity Header Checking: Verifies if the IP headers are intact and not malformed or spoofed.

Once these security inspections are completed and the session is validated, FortiGate then installs the session in hardware (if offloading is enabled) or processes it in software.

ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) 2.0is the optimal solution for enablingdirect spoke-to-spoke communicationwithout passing through the hub, while also allowingautomatic link selectionbased on quality metrics.

●Dynamic Direct Tunnels:

● ADVPN 2.0 allowsspokes to establish direct IPsec tunnels dynamicallybased on traffic patterns, reducing latency and improving performance.

● Unlike static VPNs, spokes do not need to pre-configure tunnels for each other.

●Automatic Link Optimization:

● ADVPN 2.0monitors the qualityof multiple internet connections on each spoke.

● It automatically switches to the best available connection when the primary linkdegrades or fails.

● This is achieved by dynamically adjusting BGP-based routing or leveraging SD-WAN integration.