Information-Technology-Management WGU Information Technology Management QGC1 Free Practice Exam Questions (2025 Updated)

Purpose of Prototypes in Product Management:

Prototypes provide a working model of the product to collect user feedback.

This helps the product management team refine the application and address usability issues.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: Showing feature interaction is a secondary purpose but not the primary reason for using a prototype.

Option C: Testing user interfaces may involve prototypes, but the main purpose is feedback collection.

Option D: Prototypes are not typically used for creating training materials.

References:

"Role of Prototyping in Product Development" – Product Management Institute

Agile Prototyping Guidelines – Scrum Alliance

Importance of Audience Awareness for IT Leaders:

When presenting to the board of directors, it is critical to tailor the content to their level of technical understanding and focus on strategic implications rather than technical details.

The board typically focuses on business outcomes, risks, and opportunities, not technical minutiae.

Key Considerations:

Highlight how IT initiatives align with business goals and deliver value.

Use concise, clear, and non-technical language while ensuring key points are well-supported with data.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

A. Provide all technical details: The board is more interested in business-level insights.

B. Focus on problems: Solutions and strategic outcomes are more relevant to the board.

C. Brevity: While being concise is important, it should not come at the cost of clarity or relevance.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"Effective Communication Strategies for IT Leaders" (Harvard Business Review).

ITIL Leadership and Communication Practices (Axelos).

Definition of Discovery Prototyping:

Discovery prototyping is an iterative design approach that builds a working model or prototype of a system to gather feedback and ensure it meets user and business requirements.

The goal is to refine the system iteratively based on feedback before full development begins.

Key Characteristics:

Helps identify gaps between user expectations and design early in the process.

Reduces risks of rework and enhances user satisfaction.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

A. Rapid Application Development (RAD): Focuses on faster delivery of applications through iterative development but not solely on prototyping.

B. Joint Application Development (JAD): Refers to collaborative sessions for gathering requirements, not iterative prototyping.

D. Loose Coupling: Refers to software design principles, not prototyping.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"Iterative Design and Prototyping Best Practices" (Gartner).

ITIL Systems Design Guidelines (Axelos).

Understanding the Development Phase in SDLC:

The development phase involves translating system design specifications into actual software.

This includes coding the system using programming languages and integrating modules as per the design.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: Describes the maintenance phase, which focuses on updates and corrections post-deployment.

Option C: Relates to the testing phase, where interoperability and functionality are verified.

Option D: Refers to the implementation phase, where the system is deployed for user operations.

References:

SDLC Phases Explained – NIST SP 800-64

"Software Development Life Cycle Best Practices" – IEEE

Prototyping in Software Development:

Prototyping involves creating a working model of the system to validate that it meets user and business requirements.

It is an iterative approach where users interact with the prototype and provide feedback for improvements.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Waterfall): Follows a linear approach without iterative feedback.

Option B (RUP): A structured iterative approach but not focused solely on prototyping.

Option C (Iterative): While iterative development involves cycles, it does not specifically focus on building prototypes.

References:

Prototyping and Agile Development Practices – Agile Alliance

"Prototyping in Systems Development" – IEEE

Definition of Globalization Benefits:

Globalization allows organizations to expand their operations globally, gaining access to diverse markets and resources, including new talent pools from different regions.

Key Benefit:

Accessing new talent pools enables businesses to tap into a diverse workforce with varied skills, fostering innovation and improving operational efficiency.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

A. Costs associated with new geographic areas: This is a challenge, not a benefit.

B. Adherence to regulatory requirements: This is an obligation, not a benefit.

C. Increased competition: This is a consequence of globalization, but not a direct benefit.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"Global Workforce Management" (Harvard Business Review).

ITIL Global IT Strategy Framework (Axelos).

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory that permanently stores firmware and critical system instructions, such as BIOS. Unlike RAM, ROM retains data even when power is turned off.

References:

Hennessy, J. L., & Patterson, D. A. (2017). Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach. Morgan Kaufmann.

Definition of ERP Systems:

ERP integrates core business processes across various departments, such as finance, HR, procurement, and production.

It creates a centralized communication platform for cross-departmental collaboration and seamless data sharing.

Purpose of ERP:

Ensures real-time data visibility across the organization.

Promotes collaboration by eliminating data silos and enabling efficient workflows.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

B. Supply Chain Management (SCM): Focuses on logistics and supply chain optimization, not general collaboration.

C. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Concentrates on customer interactions.

D. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): Facilitates data sharing with external partners, not internal collaboration.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"ERP Integration Best Practices" (Gartner).

ITIL Service Design: ERP Modules Overview (Axelos).

Understanding the Bullwhip Effect:

The bullwhip effect occurs when small fluctuations in consumer demand lead to exaggerated changes in inventory levels up the supply chain.

Miscommunication or poor demand forecasting amplifies these effects, causing overproduction or stockpiling.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: Refers to supply chain optimization, which is unrelated to the bullwhip effect.

Option C: Describes the maker movement, not the bullwhip effect.

Option D: Describes the network effect, unrelated to supply chain dynamics.

References:

"The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management" – MIT Sloan

Supply Chain Dynamics and Bullwhip Effect – Harvard Business Review

Understanding Intelligent Agents:

Intelligent agents are software programs that perform tasks autonomously, such as searching for information, making recommendations, or automating repetitive actions.

They are designed to mimic human behavior in specific tasks.

Application in Shopping Bots:

A shopping bot uses intelligent agents to search multiple websites, compare prices, and find the best deals.

These bots automate the process of price comparison, saving time and effort for the company.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Virtual reality): VR is immersive and does not search for online products.

Option B (Neural network): Neural networks are used for pattern recognition, not autonomous tasks like shopping.

Option D (Fuzzy logic): Fuzzy logic handles imprecision and is not designed for automating searches.

References:

"Understanding Intelligent Agents in E-Commerce" – MIT Technology Review

AI and Intelligent Agents in Automation – IEEE Publications

RFID Tagging Benefits in Supply Chain Management:

Unique Product Identifier: RFID tags provide a unique identifier for each product, enabling precise tracking and inventory management.

Product Tracking: RFID tags allow continuous tracking of products throughout their journey in the supply chain, from manufacturing to delivery.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: While RFID can streamline certain activities, it does not automate the entire supply chain.

Option D: RFID is not designed to discard incorrect or incomplete information but rather to provide accurate tracking.

References:

RFID in Supply Chain Management – IEEE

"Enhancing Supply Chain Visibility with RFID" – Gartner

Definition of Project Scope:

Project scope describes the business needs, justification, requirements, and boundaries of a project.

It defines what is included and excluded in the project, ensuring all stakeholders have a shared understanding of the project's goals and deliverables.

Purpose of Defining Scope:

Prevents scope creep by clearly defining project boundaries.

Ensures the project aligns with business objectives and stakeholder expectations.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

B. Project Management: Refers to the overall process of planning, executing, and closing a project.

C. Project Milestone: Represents significant points in the project timeline, not boundaries or requirements.

D. Project Plan: A document detailing how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

PMBOK Guide (Project Management Institute).

ITIL Project Planning Framework (Axelos).

Definition of Elevation of Privilege Attack:

This attack occurs when an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in systems to escalate their permissions beyond what they are authorized for, gaining access to sensitive data or control over the system.

Example in the Scenario:

The attacker uses a guest account, a low-privilege account, to exploit a system weakness and escalate their privileges, altering user account information.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

A. Packet tampering: Involves altering data packets, not access rights.

B. Spoofing: Involves impersonation, not privilege escalation.

D. Hoaxing: Refers to deceptive scams, unrelated to access rights.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities and Exploits" (CIS Controls).

ITIL Risk Management Framework (Axelos).

Definition of Acceptable Use Policy (AUP):An Acceptable Use Policy serves as the umbrella policy outlining how employees and users can utilize organizational IT assets and resources responsibly. It is the starting point for all other IT-related policies.

Purpose of AUP:

Provides general guidelines for using devices, networks, and data ethically and securely.

Sets the foundation for more specific policies such as email privacy and information privacy.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

Computer Use: A sub-policy derived from AUP, detailing how specific devices are to be used.

Email Privacy: Focuses specifically on email communication, not broader IT use.

Information Privacy: Covers the ethical handling of sensitive information, but not all IT usage aspects.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

ISO/IEC 27002 Standard (Information Security).

"The Role of Acceptable Use Policies in IT Governance" (ITIL Whitepaper).

Definition of Green Computers:

A green computer is designed using environmentally friendly materials and technologies aimed at reducing the environmental footprint. These computers prioritize energy efficiency, recyclability, and sustainable production practices.

Features of Green Computers:

Use of recyclable and non-toxic materials.

Energy-efficient components to minimize power consumption.

Adherence to environmental standards like Energy Star and EPEAT certifications.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

Workstation, Personal, and Server describe categories based on usage or functionality, not environmental considerations.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"Green IT and Sustainability" (Gartner Whitepaper).

Energy Star Certification Guidelines (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).

Collaborative systems facilitate teamwork by providing tools for file sharing, communication, and project management. Examples include Microsoft Teams, Slack, and Google Workspace. These systems enhance productivity by enabling real-time collaboration, document sharing, and task management.

References:

Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2020). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Pearson.

Defining Authentication:

Authentication is the process of verifying a user's identity to ensure they are who they claim to be.

This is commonly achieved through knowledge factors (passwords), possession factors (tokens), or biometric factors (fingerprints).

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Information secrecy): Focuses on protecting data, not identity confirmation.

Option B (Public key encryption): A method of encryption, not directly tied to user identity verification.

Option D (Authorization): Deals with granting access to resources after authentication.

References:

"Authentication and Identity Management" – NIST

Authentication Processes Overview – ISO 27001

Understanding the Scenario:

The company is shifting focus from mass marketing to personalized marketing, targeting individual customers with tailored offerings.

Role of CRM:

CRM systems gather and analyze customer data, including purchase history, preferences, and interactions, to personalize marketing strategies.

CRM tools help businesses cross-sell and upsell products effectively by understanding customer needs.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (DM): Distribution management focuses on the logistics of product delivery.

Option C (SCM): Supply chain management optimizes production and delivery, not marketing.

Option D (OM): Operations management focuses on internal processes rather than customer interactions.

References:

"The Role of CRM in Modern Marketing" – Forrester

CRM Best Practices Guide – Salesforce

Advantage of Prototyping:

Prototyping allows teams to identify and resolve issues, such as coding errors, early in the development process.

This minimizes the risk of errors propagating into later stages.

Scenario Application:

The team detected a menu functionality issue in the prototype, revised the code, and presented an updated version.

This demonstrates the value of early error detection through prototyping.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: Prototypes are not static examples.

Option B: Prototypes are not project blueprints.

Option D: Prototyping is not about creating development instructions.

References:

"Benefits of Early Prototyping in Development" – Agile Manifesto Principles

Prototyping Methods and Applications – ISO 9241